The, The Jungle By Upton Sinclair, And The Help By Kathryn...

The definition of academic writing has varied consistently throughout the course of any youth’s life. One moment, it is the grand discovery that intrigues the very lives of all, such as Sir Isaac Newton’s 17th century publication, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy). Also known as Principia, it is said to be, â€Å"Arguably, the most important book published in the history of science† (Hatch). At another point in one’s youth, academic writing could have been defined as the challenging of moralities. An example of such writing would be, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, or, The Help by Kathryn Stockett. Now, as one begins to take on academic writing at a collegiate level, the author of any piece of literature must take these two accounts into great consideration. Academic writing can be defined as the freedom to express opinionated thoughts over a certain, agreed topic, so that others may be introduced t o different perspectives and form new, underlying ideas. As stated by Tibor Baukal, â€Å"A response paper is your chance to communicate in writing your personal viewpoint and personal learning as they relate specifically to the book, essay, paper, article, etc. in question and the ideas and values contained therein† (â€Å"Eros and Psyche†). Response papers, are therefore, the prime example of academic writing. So, what is the â€Å"actual† definition of academic writing? According to information gathered from the USC Libraries: Research

Different Types Of Gangs Around The World - 2028 Words

There are many different types of gangs around the world. Some gangs consist of Skinheads, Asians, Latinos, African-American and Caucasians. But there are some gangs that are mixed with different ethnics. Prison gangs are criminal associations that started inside the punitive framework and they have kept on operating inside remedial offices all through the United States. Prison gangs are likewise managing toward one criminal element that can precede with their operations outside the restrictions the reformatory framework. Commonly, a prison gang comprises of a select gathering on detainees who have a sorted out progressive system and who are represented by a secured set of principles. Gangs fluctuate in both association and organization from very organized groups. Prison gangs keep on carrying out criminal movement, enroll new parts in urban, suburban, and provincial areas over the United States, and create criminal affiliations that extend their impact over criminal undertakings, especially road level drug deals. The most eminent patterns for 2011 have been the general increment in gang enrollment, and the extension of criminal street gangs control of road level drug deals and coordi nated effort with adversary groups and other criminal associations. An alternate impact of prison gangs is a feeling of fitting in with a family unit. Prisoners get a feeling of character and distinguish from being in a gang. It separates them from their companions and provides for them aShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Gang Pros And Cons1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of Juvenile gang’s is not unknown to the world. They can be found in any corner of the world and any ethnic/racial background. Gangs have been around since humans learned how to get into organized groups. This was about around the time of the middle ages. In fact, the first recorded history of such gangs was in the city of London (Sheldon., Tracy and Brown, 1996). For America, it was not until the early 1800s when juvenile gangs became a problem (Sheldon., Tracy and Brown, 1996). ThisRead MoreA Brief Note On The Problems Of Gangs891 Words   |  4 PagesGrice Mrs. Gallos English 3 Research Paper 24 November 2014 Gangs: The problems they make Gangs are a big problem in the world and it causes a lot of crime in the United States. There are a lot of different types of gangs in the world. You have the small gangs that are just made up of a group of friends and family, but then you also got the large gangs that are made up of hundreds of different kinds of people. Gang members go around committing so many crimes. They rob people in their own homesRead MoreGangs Have A Long Negative History Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have a long negative history. Usually joining a gang is a bad thing to do. Well depending what kind of gang it is, but most of the time it’s been viewed like a violent or a rebellion act. Gangs have had an impact in society for a long time in many different places in the world, and there are a lot of types of gangs. They impact society by increasing the rates of murders, school drop outs, and drug and alcohol abuse. There are many reasons why people join gangs. Some people might join a gangRead MoreThe Power Structures Within Our Society1629 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment power. We learn through Mill’s power elite theory that those in a higher power or in an elite position such as the economy, government, and military are the ones who make the decisions. These elite subjugate the key leadership positions around us and the decisions they make have consequences for us, the citizens, or those who do not have much power. Those who are in the power elite or prominent positions enter these positions through education, their connections established from the placeRead MoreEssay On Gangs890 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 8,2017 Gangs, are they good for our community? Gangs, they’re all around us,everywhere,and anywhere. How do us americans feel about gangs, and their affects on our environment ? I’m against gangs because of their affect on our youth. It affects the youth causing distractions, peer pressure, and blocking opportunities for them. Gangs are one of the top three causes of crime in America today. And gives America’s crime system a lot of difficulty with solving the problem. Gangs are and haveRead MoreTheories And Rational Choice Theory1274 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper will cover two criminological theories and they will be applied to two types of criminality. The two theories chosen for the paper were developmental theory and rational choice theory. The two types of crimes that were chosen were organized crime, specifically focusing on gangs, and terrorism. Then the crimes will be compared and contrasted. Finally, the developmental theory will be applied to organized crime to explain why and how it happens. The rational choice theory willRead MoreThe Death Of Gang Research1637 Words   |  7 Pagesterm â€Å"gang† was associated with groups in socially disorganized and deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods: It was applied to juveniles who engaged in a variety of delinquencies, ranging from truancy, street brawls, and beer running to race riots, robberies, and other serious crimes (Regoli, Hewitt, DeLisi, 2011). There were several gangs within the United States, which included street gangs, prison gangs, motorcycle gangs, and or ganized crime gangs that still exist today. The word â€Å"gang† is derivedRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Gangs on Oklahoma1247 Words   |  5 Pages The large negative impact on Oklahoma that gangs have caused resulted in a change in our state. In all fifty of the United States, more types and groups of gangs are committing more crimes and illegal activity. Gangs have significantly impacted Oklahoma by increasing violence, homicides, and drug trafficking, and something must be done. The amount of people affiliated with gangs is rapidly increasing. Oklahoma authorities say that gangs are an urban problem. In a report in the year 2010, studiesRead MoreThe Problem Of Gang Violence917 Words   |  4 Pagesalready had personal knowledge about gangs but after taking this class, I have a much better understanding about them. From what I ve seen and heard, gangs are and will always be a part of our society. As we ve learned in this class, they have been around for hundreds of years. One thing that came to my mind while I was talking to my husband was pirates. They have territories over seas and anyone that passes their water gets robbed , in today s gangs it s a different setting but the same concept. TheRead MoreThe Crime Of A Gang1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe country we live in has been affected and influenced by something that we now call a â€Å"Gang†. According, to Dictionary.com a gang is defined as a group of youngsters or adolescents who associate closely, often exclusively, for social reasons, especially such a group engaging in delinquent behavior. Since the early 1900’s The United States of America has been affected by gangs. They originated from the Italian immigrants that were closely related to the Sicilian mafia and others that were located

Child Rearing Practice Among Filipino Family free essay sample

Infant and childhood behavior and development are affected by parental expectations, caretaking, and childrearing practices. The different persons the young child is exposed to during the developmental process, and the various stimuli presented to it exert a tremendous effect on its outcome. There are no universally-set uniform rules on childrearing. Different nationalities have varied perspectives on what are considered positive and negative behavior traits in the children as well.Some culture traits are valued differently, as can be seen in the importance of punctuality among the Japanese, and hospitality among Filipinos, hence, the emphasis given to these values, when bringing up the children from different country. Because of the growing changes of modernization and technology, childrearing practices have undergone much change over time, so that traditional patterns are now giving way to more liberal and less restrictive attitudes. I, myself can testify that child rearing from family to family may vary depends on how their parents have been raised as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Rearing Practice Among Filipino Family or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’d be passed on to generations to the next. I was raised with both Filipino parents inheritance but with of Japanese culture in the package. It wasn’t as complicated as it may to grow in learning both culture and the adjustment and confusion may come into play. Other families may have different from mine, there were a lot of things I can’t do that their children can or places they are allowed to go to without difficulty in asking their parent permission. My grandparents are the ones who let us practice the other side of the culture from what reality is presented to us.They are very strict and discipline is essential. The traits and values regardless from what culture, is highly observed in the house. The girls should be well-groomed and must learn the household chores as a preparation to be well developed ladies, as my grandparents will say. The boys must abide the rules of my grandfather in making it to college and get a degree with a decent job to support their future family. Curfew is observed as well with the siblings and it is necessary to eat our meals together.Typical Filipino family may have these traits with much more or less depends on the factors it may adhere. I grew up with my Mother playing both roles as parents and for some reason she has to abandon us for a better living and support us more efficiently. Children with guidance from the grandparents may be a factor as well with the child development. Social support, economic income, marriage stability, beliefs, culture, security; such factors have to entwined with both parenting and childrearing.Father’s are considered the ultimate provider and/or most powerful authority and the Mother’s are the caretakers. In the process of childrearing, the family prepares each member for his role in the community and in the society by transmitting proper values to the child. Values refer to the standards of evaluation that people use to view objects, ideas or actions as desirable or undesirable, right or wrong, appropriate or inappropriate. Among the important values are ; respect and obedience for lders; modesty and proper behavior, responsibility such as helping parents or siblings; friendliness; human concern and interaction with others or pakikisama; reciprocal feeling of obligation between two persons. Other Filipino values that are not as desirable are dependency, often carried into adulthood; shyness or hiya, a feeling of low self-esteem; and colonial mentality, the Filipino attitude of having a preference for foreign things and ideas or consumer goods. To enforce the teaching or transmission of these values to the small child, authoritarianism was the rule.Physical punishment in different forms, from scolding or tongue-lashing, threatening, spanking, pinching, ear pulling, and sometime, whipping were resorted to. There are however contrasting c hildrearing practices between the traditional authoritarian parents and the younger parents of today who are more liberal, and more conscious of children’s rights. In contrast to the authoritarian upbringing which consists of prohibitions and constant admonitions for the child to stop touching, clowning, jumping or talking, climbing or running around, the more liberal parents tend to be responsive, indulgent and overprotective. They give constant attention and hardly make any demands on the children. Food, toys, and other rewards are promised to pacify the child. Among the lower-income families, children are sent on errands, or are asked to assist in house-cases of child labor or even child exploitation. In the rearing of the Filipino child, control of aggressive behavior is emphasized. Children should be able to control their anger without striking out others, especially towards their parents or elders.It is not the anger itself that is undesirable, but the manner of epressing it, as a great author claimed. Children are also encouraged to be unselfish, to share food or toys with other, and help younger siblings. Love of God and trust in the Lord are inculcated. Parents and teachers emphasize the value of prayer and keeping God’s word by obeying His commandments and their parents, especially in religious schools. As to sibling interaction, the hierarchy of authority in the family dictates obedience to older brothers and sisters.The oldest child takes the place of the parents who are absent or no longer living. The older siblings take it upon themselves to look after the younger ones, to the point of making a lot of personal sacrifices just to support them. Children were brought up fearing their parents, especially their fathers. The Filipino family of today has undergone a lot of changes brought about by the forces of modernization and urbanization. It is plagued with many economic difficulties made more difficult by over population and underemployment.Personality traits ascribed to specific nationalities are deeply related to their culture, to what they value, and to what they deem important. These traits are acquired from the first days of life. Some are transmitted biologically to the unborn by genetics; some are effects of the immediate environment which include the manner of childrearing. The manner of childrearing itself varies among families, just as the family also undergone so many changes over the past centuries.

Preventing Central Line Blood Stream Infections Essay Example

Preventing Central Line Blood Stream Infections Essay Preventing Central Line Blood Stream Infections 4010 Scholarly Paper LeTanya V. Cintron Huron School of Nursing 09/29/2010 There are a variety of intravascular devices used for vascular access and they are becoming more common in today’s healthcare system, mainly due to their convenience. Whether it’s a short-term triple lumen central venous catheter or an arterial catheter for hemodynamic monitoring or long term venous access for inpatient or outpatient use for fluids, TPN, chemo, home antibiotics or hemodyalisis; central venous catheters are here to stay. Their convenience and ease of access makes them almost a necessity in patient care, but at what cost? Regardless of their purpose and ease of use, it is up to us as nurses and healthcare workers to recognize when patients are at risks for infection due to venous catheter use. In this paper, I will identify guidelines to prevent blood infections from central lines. The Joint Commission has identified the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections as one of its safety goals. They hold importance to educating all staff and workers that are involved in managing and caring for central lines. They emphasize in infection prevention. Patient and family education is also key; especially for individuals with long term lines at home. The Joint Commission also promotes the use of a catheter checklist and a standardized protocol for central venous catheter insertion with emphasis on hand hygiene prior to catheter insertion or manipulation, use of a central line bundle, and the â€Å"use [of] a standardized protocol for sterile barrier precautions during central venous catheter insertion† (TJC, 2009). A peer reviewed article written by Maki, Kluger and Crnich, shows that higher blood stream infection rates for intra vascular devices used 100 days or less were found in surgically implanted cuffed and tunneled all-purpose CVCs, and cuffed and tunneled hemodialysis catheters (2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Preventing Central Line Blood Stream Infections specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Preventing Central Line Blood Stream Infections specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Preventing Central Line Blood Stream Infections specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lower blood stream infection rates were found in temporary non-cuffed hemodialysis catheters, non-cuffed but tunneled CVCs, non-cuffed and non-tunneled CVCs, peripheral subcutaneous central venous ports, central venous ports, outpatient PICCs, intra-aortic balloon pumps, chlorohexidine-silver-sulfadiazine-impregnated CVCs, inpatient PICCs, arterial catheters, midline catheters, and peripheral IV catheters to name a few (Maki, Kluger Crnich, 2010). These results differed when studying IVD’s that were used up to 1000 days. These results shower higher blood stream infections in peripheral IV catheters placed by surgical cut down, peripheral steel needles, intra-aortic balloon pumps, short-term non-cuffed hemodialysis catheters, and silver-impregnated Lower rates were now shown with non-cuffed, non-tunneled multi-lumen CVCs, inpatient PICC, arterial catheters, chlorhexidine-silver-sulfadiazine-impregnated CVCs, cuffed and tunneled all-purpose Hickman-like CVCs, long-term cuffed and tunneled hemodialysis CVCs, outpatient PICC, peripheral IV catheters, peripheral central venous subcutaneous ports, and central venous ports (Maki, Kluger Crnich, 2010). The article states that the rates of nosocomial blood stream infections are directly dependent on their clinical surveillance. â€Å"We believe that clinical surveillance data in general overestimate the true risk of catheter-related BSI with CVCs while underestimating the actual risk of IVD-related BSI with other types of IVDs because each device in use in the hospital during the surveillance period is not routinely scrutinized† (Maki, Kluger Crnich, 2010). This theory is based on their finding that hospitals report all health care associated blood stream infections as being caused by central venous catheters if they cannot find a link to a local infection which therefore leads to an overestimation of CVC related infections. However, does this mean we disregard the possibility of a CVC related blood stream infection because it may or may not have been caused by an unknown outside source? No it doesn’t. Numerous factors affect the patients risk for infection; mainly catheter location, catheter duration and method of removal. Nurses play a huge role in the care of central venous catheters, they assist in insertion, and have â€Å"primary responsibility for all aspects of central line management† (Haller Rush, 1992). Therefore, nursing interventions have to be set in place in order to assure proper care of CVC’s. First and foremost, it is hugely important to perform a thorough assessment on all patients prior to insertion of a central line. Things such as patient age, medical history and current medical treatment can predispose a patient to infection. Children and elderly patients especially are more immunocompromised than a young or middle age adult and therefore are at higher risk. Patients with diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, cancer, autoimmune diseases, transplants, radiotherapy and poor nutritional status may be immunocompromised and are also at higher risks for infection (Haller Rush, 1992). We also need to look at why and if the patient truly needs something as invasive as a central venous catheter. Can something else be done that doesn’t predispose a patient to infection? If the patient really is a candidate for a CVC then the site of the line is incredibly important in regards to prevention of infection. Sterile technique is key with central lines, and the use of central line bundles can help reduce infection. However, the number of times a line is attempted holds higher risks. You could be as sterile as possible but repeatedly attempting to insert a line decreases the likelihood that asepsis is maintained and therefore increases patient risk for infection. It is critical that we as nurses advocate for our patients, especially with repeated catherization attempts. It is also our responsibility to ensure that sterility is maintained and it is also our responsibility to speak on behalf of our patient, when is too many tries enough? If we do not look out for our patients then who will? Once the line is in, it is our responsibility to maintain sterility during dressing changes and we need to make sure there is an occlusive dressing on the site at all times and any dressing that is wet should be changed immediately (Haller Rush, 1992) In another peer reviewed article by Torricone et al, the highest rate nosocomial infections occur in intensive care units (ICUs), â€Å"and most are associated with the presence of invasive devices such as a central line† (2010). The article states that it’s expected that 25% of the patients who have central lines are expected to attract an infection because of it. These infections worsen the patient’s current condition and can eventually prove fatal. On the financial end, central line associated blood stream infections lead to much longer hospital stays which leads to higher healthcare costs, producing a domino effect that could ultimately have been prevented. The Institute for Health Improvement estimates that â€Å"forty-eight percent of ICU patients have central venous catheters, accounting for about15 million central venous catheter days per year in ICU† (2008). Of these, 18% are deaths due to Central Line Blood Stream Infections. An article by Torricone et al. peaks of a few interventions that could ultimate reduce these infections rates. Interventions such as bundles that include â€Å"both behavioral (e. g. , maximal sterile barrier precautions, catheter placement and optimal timing of replacement, surveillance, education, improved hand hygiene technique and compliance, etc. ), and technological (e. g. , use of preferred skin antiseptics such as chlorhexidine gluconate, closed infusion containers, catheter dressing s, etc. ) practices† (Torricone et al, 2010). Another intervention includes a closed infusion container with self-sealing injection ports that reduces the risk of air and organisms from entering the infusion. According to the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN), a large proportion of nosocomial infections result from â€Å"cross-contamination from the hands of healthcare workers† (2005). It is important to Always wash your hands  before and after  putting on or removing gloves, direct patient contact, inserting a peripheral catheter or assisting with CVC nsertion, palpating a catheter insertion site, changing a catheter dressing, accessing the catheter to administer a medication or flush (Hadaway, 2006). The CDC also recommends the use of alcohol-based hand rubs between patient contacts instead of just hand washing alone (AACN, 2005). Always wash your hands  before and after  putting on or removing gloves, direct patient contact, inserting a peripheral catheter or assisting with CVC insertion, palp ating a catheter insertion site, changing a catheter dressing, accessing the catheter to administer a medication or flush (Hadaway, 2006). Also, change gloves  used for other patient-care tasks before you perform any infusion or catheter care tasks. The use of the Central Line Bundle is also beneficial. The bundle focuses on hand hygiene, maximal barrier precautions, chlorhexidine skin prep, optimal catheter site selection, and daily assessment of line necessity with prompt removal of unnecessary lines (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2008). An article written by Suzanne M. Brungs, RN, MSN, MBA, OCN, and Marta L. Render, MD, supports the use of bundles for Central Lines in an effort to reduce infections. The bundle is composed of hand hygiene, use of chlorhexidene as a skin prep prior to insertion, a full body-drape that covers the patient from head to toe, barriers such as sterile gloves, gown, masks and caps to be worn by the inserter and avoidance of using the femoral insertion site (2005). The article reports that since the implantation of these bundles, central line associated blood stream infections were reduced by at least 50% and â€Å"compliance with using evidenced-based practices increased from 30% to nearly 95%† (Brungs Render, 2005). Florence Nightingales Environmental Theory supports the Joint Commissions patient safety goal to reduce central-line related blood stream infections. She believed that the patient is affected by the environment and that the nurse acted on the patient. By controlling the environment you could control the patient’s health. Cleanliness, among other factors, in her theory, facilitated the patients healing process. This is essentially the same thing we are doing with the use of CVC bundles. By controlling our environment and maintaining sterility during insertion, management and care of central lines, we reduce the risk of infection and promote the patients well being. Good hand hygiene prevents bacteria from being passed from one patient to another, which therefore reduces risks of infection. Another theorist that supports the Joint Commissions patient safety goal is Dorothea Orem. Her self-care model states that when the patient cannot care for his/herself, it is the nurse who in turn meets the patient’s needs by acting and doing for the patient (Current Nursing, 2010). The nurse guides, teaches, supports and provides an environment that promotes patient care and health. This is the whole premise of advocacy. When the patient cannot speak for his/herself or when they aren’t knowledgeable about a specific procedure it is our duty to make sure we assume the role of patient advocate and do for the patient and teach the patient. It is up to us that the patient received optimum care. Ultimately, patients are at risk with any intra vascular device but there are steps that we can take to minimize risks for infection. Many national efforts today are aimed to reduce the risk of blood stream infections related to central lines. I believe that infection control programs must strive to apply universal and consistent control measures and prevention tips with all types of CVC’s. There is no doubt they are here to stay but it is essential that all healthcare providers are given the tools necessary to ensure patient safety and satisfaction. There is no excuse for an infection. We must advocate and we must strive to protect our entire patient population. References American Association of Critical Nurses. (9/2005). AACN practice alert: Preventing catheter elated blood stream infections. Retrieved from http://www. aacn. org/WD/Practice/Docs/Preventing_Catheter_Related_Bloodstream_Infections_9-2005. pdf Brungs, S. M. , Render, M. L.. (2005). Using evidenced-based practice to reduce central line infections. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 10(6), 723-25. Hadaway, L. C.. (2006). Keeping central li ne infection at bay. Nursing 2006, 36(4), 58-64. Haller, L. T. , Rush, K. L.. (1992). Central line infection: a review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 1, 61-66. Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2008). Prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infection. Retrieved from http://www. hi. org/NR/rdonlyres/01E7F0ED-EEDE-41BA-ABB0-982405602158/0/cli. pdf Maki, D. G. , Kluger, D. M. , Crnich, C. J.. (2006). The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: A systemic review of 200 published studies. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 81(9), 1159-71. Nursing theorists: A companion to nursing theories and models. (2010). Retrieved from http://currentnursing. com/nursing_theory/nursing_theorists. html The Joint Commission. (2009). Accreditation program: Hospital national patient safety goals. Retrieved from http://scholar360. com/cchs/media/user/1341/Joint%20Commission%202010%20NPSGs_3. pdf