“Discourse on the Method” by Rene Descartes

Discourse on the Method by Rene Descartes is both a historical document and philosophical work. Scientists and historians agree that this leger has contributed significantly the history of modern science and psychology. In his book Descartes differentiate the method which provides solid background for exclusively modern natural sciences. Descartes pays entire trouble to the problem of scepticism in his work continuing the researches make by ancient philosopher Sextus Empiricus and the author Michael de Montaigne. The purpose of the book seems to prove nation that truth should be regarded as incontrovertible.Therefore, the author chooses the approach of challenging and inquisitive everything when assessing the world. In such a way Descartes tend to look at ordinary things from the new perspective which is clear of biased nations. (Descartes 1960) In particular, Descartes discusses the undermentioned issues how to think correctly, the method of science, morals maxims derived fr om method, proof of benevolent soul and god, experiments, and, finally, connections in the midst of physics and heart. When arguing how to think correctly, Descartes offer building metaphor means that human opinions and thoughts are the grounds which shape further perceptions.The ideas and opinions are claimed to be of sedentary nature and Descartes argues that he firmly believed that in this way he should much make better succeed in the conduct of his life, than he build only upon old foundations, and leaned upon principles which, in his youth, he had taken upon trust. (Descartes 1960) Summing up, the core principle of sentiment correctly is that humans shouldnt tend to render for old foundations instead, they should seek for new fertile and to build new cognition on it.In the method of science Descartes distinguishes four commandments which characterise the method. The first precept suggests that people shouldnt percept anything for granted if they cant be re-assured that it is true. Descartes says it is requirement to avoid prejudice and precipitancy and to believe things which exclude all grounds for any doubts and hesitations. The second precept is to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as realizable, and as big businessman be requirement for its adequate solution.(Descartes 1960)The third principle is that it is necessary to conduct your thoughts and ideas in such a way that it would be possible to go from the simplest to the most labyrinthian I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex assigning in thought a certain order regular to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence. (Descartes 1960) Finally, the fourth precept is that we must be sure that nothing is omitted meaning reviews should general and enumerations should be complete.Further, Descartes analyzes triple moral maxims derived from the method. He says that he adopted those maxims to make them effectively move in real world. Method of radical doubts requires analyzing moral lieu of such experiments. Descartes three maxims is the basis of rudimentary belief system. Its principles are To come after countrys religious customs and laws To be confident in all actions To endeavour and to conquer yourself as well as to alternate desires instead of trying to change the order of the whole world because we doesnt have enough power to do that.When proving existence of soul and God, Descartes challenges his thinking and fountaining. Nevertheless, he believes that there are three things which arent subjected to being doubted. These things gage each other forming stable ground for Descartes method. These things are reason as doubting is viled on reasoning, and existence of soul and God guaranteeing that the reason is misguided. Descartes provides reasoned argument why God and, moreover, he is the primary indorser to what we now call ontological proof of the God existence. (Descartes 1960)Descartes also pays attention to describing natural laws, the laws of the Sun and the stars, etc. Descartes believes that it is Moon that causes flood and ebb. Further, Descartes examines ideas of fire and pass going to examining the motion of blood in arteries and heart. In contrast to slackly accepted ideas, Descartes argues that these motions are independent of what it is thought and he draws the conclusion that human soul and human body are discover. Nevertheless, Descartes doesnt distinguish among human soul, mind and spirit as they are all important constituents of rational thinking.As a consequences, the idea that I am thinking, therefore I am appeared. Finally, when speaking about experiments Descartes writes that experiments, that they become always more necessary the more one is advanced in knowledge for, at the commencement, it is better to make use only of what is spontaneously presented to our senses. (Descartes 1960) Descartes ideas are strongly buttoned with modern philosophy and science. For example, his The Method in Mathematics and the Sciences has practical performance nowadays in all schools.Descartes arguments are the basis of Cartesian ordain systems as well as analytic geometry, the Histogram and mathematical heuristic. The method Descartes uses in his work is extremely valuable because sceptical doubt became a issue of philosophical debates how human can be sure of anything. Modern occidental philosophy is influences by his re-conception of the mind the idea that human mind is separate from human body. Summing up, Rene Descartes set a number of questions which have formed the base of what we call now modern philosophy. (Descartes 1960)